The aim of a new study published in the World Journal of Pediatrics was to determine the alterations of plasma gelsolin (pGSN) level in infants and young children after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the role of pGSN as a predictor for the morbidity and severity of post-CPB acute kidney injury (AKI). This prospective study included 67 infants and young children aged 3 years of below, undergoing CPB. The results revealed that in patients developing AKI, the normalized pGSN (pGSN_N) levels significantly decreased at 6 hours post-operation and remained low for 24 hours post-operation as compared to the patients with non-AKI. It was noted that PGSN_N at 6 h post-operation when combined with CPB time presented an excellent predictive value for AKI. Hence, it was inferred that decreased pGSN_N identifies post-CPB AKI in the patients aged ≤ 3 years old, and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. From the findings, it was stated that circulating GSN in post-CPB patients may have beneficial effects on diminishing inflammatory responses.